快充锂离子电池技术研究
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作者单位:

1.上海空间电源研究所,上海 200245;2.北京航天自动控制研究所,北京 100854

作者简介:

谢朝香(1987—),女,高级工程师,硕士,主要研究方向为锂离子电池。

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Research on Fast-charged Lithium-ion Battery
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Affiliation:

(1.Shanghai Institute of Space Power-Sources,Shanghai 200245,China;2.Beijing Aerospace Automatic Control Research Institute,Beijing 100854,China)

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    摘要:

    锂离子电池以高的能量密度、长循环寿命和无记忆效应等优点,成为目前航空、航天和装备等应用最广泛的蓄电池。快充锂离子电池是指具有较大充电倍率能力的锂离子电池。目前,普通锂离子电池主要是低倍率充电,按照1 C充电倍率来算,电池充满电时间为1.0~1.5 h。而采用快充锂离子电池技术后,如充电倍率提升至3 C,充电时间可降至30 min左右,大大地缩短充电时间。在军用领域,通过提高充电倍率,可以有效降低各种负载的使用时间,提高其灵活性和实时性。本研究从锂离子电池快速充电的机理分析入手,以倍率型三元材料镍钴锰(Ni-Co-Mn,NCM)作为正极,非晶态包覆的石墨作为负极,采用功率型设计工艺,制备了容量1.0 Ah的快充型软包装锂离子电池,电池比能量达到205 Wh/kg,可持续5 C充放电,其中,3 C快速充放电循环1 000次容量保持率大于80%,展现了较好的快速充电能力和循环稳定性。

    Abstract:

    Lithium-ion battery has become the most popular battery in aviation,aerospace,and equipment applications because of its high energy density,long cycle life,and no memory effect.Fast-charged lithium-ion battery refers to the lithium-ion battery with a large rate of charging capacity.Ordinary lithium-ion batteries mainly have low charging rates.At the rate of 1 C,a battery takes 1 h to 1.5 h to be fully charged.After the fast-charged lithium-ion battery technology is adopted,the charging time can be greatly shortened.For example,at the rate of 3 C,the charging time can be reduced to about 30min.In the military field,increasing the charging rate can shorten the response time of various loads,and thus improve their flexibility and real-time performance.In this paper,the mechanism of fast-charged lithium-ion battery is analyzed.A 1.0 Ah fast-charged lithium-ion battery is prepared through the power-type design process,taking the ratio-type ternary material Ni-Co-Mn(NCM) as the cathode and amorphous-coated graphite as the anode.The battery has the specific energy up to 205 Wh/kg,and can constantly be charged and discharged at a rate of 5 C.At the rate of 3 C,the capacity retention of the battery is greater than 80% after 1 000 fast-charged and discharged cycles,demonstrating good fast-charged capability and cycle stability.

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谢朝香,王慎航,林瑞仕,沈川杰,张涛.快充锂离子电池技术研究[J].上海航天(中英文),2025,42(3):147-153.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-07-20
  • 最后修改日期:2024-10-16
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-06-27
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