Abstract:With the continuous expansion of the dimension of systematic combat confrontation and the gradual deepening of the degree of multi-domain cooperation， air and space strength is becoming the key to determine the victory of future wars. In this paper， the combat concept of the air and space integrated operation system is proposed. The composition and typical combat patterns of the air and space integrated operation system are discussed， and the key technologies involved are analyzed， which can provide support for the construction of the air and space integrated operation system in the future.

Abstract:In view of the problems in welding aerospace structure such as low automatic level of welding and dependent product quality on the operator skill， it is urgent to develop intelligentized robotic welding technologies. In this paper， the concepts and principles， recent advances， and key points of intelligentized robotic welding technologies are comprehensively reviewed separately. Combining with the practice of the intelligent robotic arc welding technology in Shanghai Spaceflight Precision Machinery Institute recently， this paper focuses on the technological breakthroughs and typical application external tank for launch vehicles.

Abstract:In recent years， the exploration and application of space orbit resources by various aerospace powers have been continuously strengthened. Unconventional orbits such as ultra-low orbits， elliptical orbits， grave orbits， and orbits on Lagrangian points have been gradually incorporated into the application satellites for disaster prevention and mitigation， warfare quick response， missile early warning， space penetration， and solar observation due to their advantages on rapid revisit， fixed-point observation， space attack defense， scientific exploration， etc. However， those satellites will experience more complex space environment， and failures and anomalies caused by space environment effect will become increasingly prominent. In this paper， the main environment characters， environment effects， and ground simulation test methods are analyzed and discussed on the five typical orbits， which have been concerned at home and abroad recently. The effects of atomic oxygen erosion， deep charging and discharging， total dose， and single-particle upset are investigated. The existing ground simulation test equipment capacity and the applicability of testing methods are discussed. Eventually， some suggestions on simulation test methods and evaluation and protection measures for special space environments are put forward for further satellite development.

Abstract:In view of complex international situation and weak domestic industrial basis， China has continuously invested and improved significantly in the field of key electronic components， basic software， and manufacturing process through major scientific and technological projects. As one of the main development organizations in the aerospace field of China， Shanghai Academy of Spaceflight Technology has actively participated in the major projects， and actively promoted the verification and application of China key electronic components and operating system software in spacecraft， contributing to the capacity promotion of China key software and hardware. In order to adapt to the development requirements of the equipment self-control and safety in the new era， government policy and developing direction suggestions were given in terms of supporting forward design， improving “design to application” transition capacity， and promoting the application of China operating system.

Abstract:GaN-based mm-wave power amplifiers (PAs) are promising candidates for the applications to the next-generation wireless communication， high-resolution radar， etc. due to their advantages such as high working frequency， large output power， and high power conversion efficiency. In this paper， a review on the development evolution of GaN-based mm-wave power devices and key techniques such as low-loss gate design， solutions to short channel effects， and approaches for overcoming the influence of low resistance contact is carried out. Several architectures and design methods for GaN-based mm-wave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers (PAs) suitable for Ka-W band are comprehensively analyzed. It is suggested that GaN-based nm-wave chips with high efficiency， large output power， highe frequency， wider band， and multiple functions should be further studied in the future.

Abstract:At present， military intelligence is becoming a powerful force to promote the new round of military transformation after mechanization and informatization， and has a profound effect on the winning mechanism， operation rules， and warefare patterns of future wars. In this paper， the advantages of the application of intelligence in the future aerospace defense system are comprehensively analyzed. Combining with the characteristics of the development of intelligent defense systems in foreign countries， a development concept of intelligent aerospace defense system in the future is proposed. The key technologies of intelligent aerospace defense system are reviewed， and the significance of the intelligent transformation of aerospace defense system is expounded.

Abstract:Launch vehicles are the main means of transportation into space， which determine a country’s ability of utilizing and controlling space. First， the evolution history of foreign launch vehicles is reviewed， and the internal evolution laws are summarized according to the traditional upgrade mode and the new innovation mode for launch vehicles. Second， according to the laws of launch vehicles， the key index to evaluate the evolution of launch vehicles， i.e.， area-thrust ratio， is put forward. Only by improving this index can launch vehicles evolve in the right direction. Third， the evolution process of Long March launch vehicle series is reviewed， and the product optimization is proposed according to the key index of area-thrust ratio. Finally， the intelligent technology of launch vehicles is prospected， and it is pointed out that launch vehicles in China should evolve into a kind of reusable intelligent transportation platform.

Abstract:After decades of development， China’s satellite field is facing a critical period of technological innovation and breakthrough. American starlink epitomizes the emergence of large-scale constellation system， which shows the prototype of Internet+Space Era’s prospect. At the same time， the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology and the transformation of neural network， machine learning， and big data mining can greatly improve the autonomous operation， on-board data processing， and multi-task adaptability of satellites. In this paper， the development of typical foreign satellite systems proposed in recent years is studied in detail， and the effects of networking， intelligence， and multi-function of future satellites on the aspects such as technology development layout and application model transformation are analyzed. Some useful suggestions and measures adapting to the above changes are put forward， which can provide beneficial reference for the innovation and development of satellite technology in China.

Abstract:The development of Fengyun series meteorological satellites has always adhered to the blueprint of national major strategies， with the purposes of solving meteorological observation problems in China， adhering to the concept of “open cooperation and serving the world”， and developing a meteorological satellite observation system with China’s characteristics. Fengyun series satellites are one of the satellite series with the widest application range and the best benefits among the civil remote sensing satellites in China. It has made important contributions to the development of the national economy and national defense construction. It has become an important member of the global satellite observation network of the World Meteorological Organization and a practitioner of major national strategies. In the new era， the development of global meteorological satellites has entered a new stage. For high-quality economic and social development， disaster prevention and mitigation， climate change， ecological civilization construction， and national security， Fengyun series satellites will adhere to the innovation-driven development and the application efficiency orientation， make a full use of the system efficiency， break through the key technologies of satellites and remote sensing， take the lead in achieving the autonomous operation， rapid response， and intelligent observation of remote sensing satellites， and expand the application of Fengyun series satellites in various fields and industries. On the basis of realizing the independent and controllable access to remote sensing data and processing algorithm， China will adhere to the strategy of “going out”， enhance technical exchanges and cooperation， improve the coverage of precision monitoring in the world and key areas， and provide more accurate weather forecasts and more refined weather services for all mankind.

Abstract:On-orbit service technology has developed rapidly in recent years. Foreign countries have completed the verification for the key technologies of on-orbit service for cooperative targets， and are carrying out the research and validation of the key technologies of on-orbit service for existing targets. In China， a series of research achievements have been made in the key technologies such as detection and recognition of tumbling targets， active and passive detection imaging measurement， coordinate grasp， and service operation tools， which provide a good foundation for the on-orbit applications of service tasks such as refueling， module replacement， and derbris cleaning. In this paper， the difficulties and research progress of the aforementioned key technologies are analyzed and summarized， and the follow-up development direction is prospected.

Abstract:Spaceborne interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) is one of the important applications of synthetic aperture radar (SAR). It extends the observation of SAR from two-dimension to three-dimension， based on which a series of further applications such as differential InSAR (D-InSAR) are developed. After nearly 30 years of technical accumulation and engineering practice， InSAR has developed form theory to engineering practice， filling in the gaps of spaceborne efficient surveying and mapping and having produced great application benefits in earth observation. The TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X system of German and the Tianhui-2 satellite system of China are typical representatives. Meanwhile， due to the constant accumulation of InSAR research achievements， novel techniques and applications have been proposed continuously， and the spaceborne InSAR field still has great development potential and wide application prospects. In this paper， the basic principle of InSAR， together with the development status and typical applications of spaceborne InSAR systems， are reviewed. The achievements of China in spaceborne InSAR systems are presented by the interpretation of images observed by the Tianhui-2 satellite. By analyzing the observation requirements for the main application directions of spaceborne InSAR systems， the development direction of this field in the future is given.

Abstract:Magnesium alloy is internationally recognized as one of the most potential lightweight materials. It is known as the “green engineering metal of the 21st century”， and its outstanding structure weight reduction effect is expected to solve the urgent lightweight problems of key equipment and major projects in China. In this paper， the development of new magnesium alloys， the progress of new preparation and processing technologies of magnesium alloys， and the applications of magnesium alloys in recent years are reviewed， and the shortcomings in the current magnesium alloy field are summarized. Finally， the development focus and main tasks of magnesium alloys in the future are prospected.

Abstract:Since launch vehicles tend to be large-scale and heavy， structure optimization technology plays a more and more important role in the lightweight design of launch vehicles. Meanwhile， the requirements of tests with higher precision and analysis and evaluation with higher reliability are also increasingly prominent. In this paper， firstly， the lightweight design methods of launch vehicles are summarized. Then， several typical sealed and non-sealed structure optimization cases and some uncertain optimization methods for new launch vehicle structure are emphatically introduced， and the optimization results are verified by tests. Finally， the technical problems to be solved and the development trend of structure optimization technology in the future are sorted out and prospected.

Abstract:Intelligent manufacturing is a comprehensive technology which integrates manufacturing technology， system engineering， artificial intelligence， network technology and so on. It can provide new solutions for the manufacturing of high-quality complex products， and is suitable for aerospace multispecies and small-batch production especially. In this paper， the production and manufacturing status of large aerospace components is analyzed， and the applications of intelligent manufacturing in the field of aerospace components are introduced. Furthermore， the practical applications of intelligent manufacturing for system design， process， equipment， and production management are presented. Finally， the experience of aerospace product digital process design， transparent intelligent management in the whole process， intelligent equipment upgrading for aerospace complex components， intelligent welding workshop design， and digital twin technology in recent years are shared.

Abstract:Phased array radar seeker has the excellent advantages of anti-stealth and anti-jamming， which is the focus and hotspot of precision guidance technology research at home and abroad. It is developing rapidly towards the direction of high integration， ultra-wideband， multi-function， and intelligence. Combining with the current advances of phased array radar seekers， this article expounds the developing course of phased array radar seekers and the research status of phased array radar seekers all over the world. The characteristics and advantages of phased array radar seeker technology are analyzed in detail from multiple aspects， and the development directions and application prospects of phased array radar seekers in multiband/broadband， conformal， multi-channel array， intelligent， and other aspects are prospected. With the popularization and application of phased array guidance technology， the performance of precision guided weapons will be greatly improved.

Abstract:In order to overcome the challenges which infrared guided missiles will face in the future air combat such as increasingly diverse targets， greatly enhanced stealth capability of targets， extensively used new countermeasure technologies， and increasingly complex battlefield， the development status and trend of the surface-to-air infrared guidance technology abroad are analyzed， and the military needs for the next generation surface-to-air infrared guidance technology in modern war are comprehensively reviewed. The key techniques of the surface-to-air infrared guidance technology， including the dim-small target detection technique， the autonomous target recognition technique， the dual/multi-band infrared detection technique， and the multimode compound guidance technique are put forward， and the corresponding connotations， development tendency， technological approaches， and research achievements of these key techniques are illustrated， providing suggestions and references for the development of the infrared guidance technology.

Abstract:Intelligent power with on-demand regulation， autonomous perception， and decision-making capabilities is the core technology of future warfare. In this paper， the concept and connotation of intelligent solid rocket motor (SRM) are proposed， focusing on the characteristics such as high adaptability， high energy， high vector control， as well as autonomous perception， autonomous evaluation， and autonomous decision-making. The technical route and product layout of intelligent SRM are discussed. The research on intelligent SRM can lead the development of related basic disciplines and professional technologies， and then promote the development of intelligent weapons and equipment.

Abstract:Space propulsion is the power source for spacecraft to achieve orbital maneuver and attitude control. After more than sixty years of development， China has gradually mastered a series of key technologies in space propulsion， such as chemical propulsion， electric propulsion， and on-orbit propellant resupply， and realized the propellant transformation from conventional toxic to new-type non-toxic and the update from chemical energy propulsion to higher energy density propulsion. A series of space propulsion products have been developed and successfully applied to launch vehicles， manned spaceflight， artificial satellites， deep space exploration， space defense， etc. The space propulsion technologies have supported many major national engineering projects and promoted the development and application of space science and technology. In this paper， the achievements in the space propulsion field of China are firstly summarized， then the development history of chemical propulsion and electric propulsion and the key technological breakthroughs are analyzed comprehensively， and finally， the development trend of space propulsion technology is put forward.

Abstract:Application verification is a series of tests， evaluations， and estimations for domestic components before application in equipment. It aims to evaluate the development maturity of a component and the adaptability of its equipment application so as to determine the availability of the component. In this paper， the technical connotations， methods， platforms， processes， and key techniques of application verification as well as its relationship with system engineering are analyzed. The typical problems found in the engineering practice of application verification， e.g.， insufficient understanding of equipment application requirements， incomplete understanding of component development technology， and insufficient understanding of product application status， are analyzed， and some suggestions for future application verification are put forward.

Abstract:The digital twin system is a digital simulation system that describes the real system in detail. Based on the model understanding， prediction， optimization and control of the real system in the virtual space， it has real-time， synchronous evolution and interactivity with the real system. In order to meet the characteristics of intellectualization， high maneuverability， and multi-target missions of spacecraft in the future， it is necessary to improve the intelligent monitoring and management capabilities of the space power-source system. In this paper， the constituent elements of the digital twin system for space power-sources are analyzed， and the digital twin system is constructed based on the construction of the digital twin model， new sensing technology， and data-driven principles. According to the principle that there should be one independent set of power-source system in the sky， the ground， and the digital space， it realizes accurate state diagnosis and prediction of the space power state of charge (SOC)， state of health (SOH)， and other performance， optimizes the control strategy， and improves the power system under the premise of ensuring the realization of aircraft missions.

Abstract:The power system of manned spaceflight is huge system engineering with complex state， high reliability requirement， and great technical difficulty. In this paper， the composition and characteristics of the power system of manned spaceflight in China are expounded. Then， the technical breakthroughs and technical guidance in various stages of the power system are introduced and discussed in detail from the aspects such as power system architectures， solar cell wings， energy storage batteries， grid connected control， and on-orbit maintenance and replacement. Finally， the prospects for the power system of the follow-up manned lunar exploration are put forward， and the key research directions and key technologies are summarized， which lays a technical foundation for the successful implementation of manned lunar exploration missions in the future.